Comments on: Lessons on Inclusion from a Segregated School, Version 2 (from memory, not an exact reproduction of the first one) https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/ Wed, 04 Mar 2009 15:27:20 +0000 hourly 1 http://wordpress.com/ By: Philip https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/#comment-11103 Wed, 04 Mar 2009 15:27:20 +0000 http://ballastexistenz.autistics.org/?p=81#comment-11103 The Report of the Survey of the Schools in Chicago, published in 1932, found that special classes were “so regarded that they cast a stigma on anyone who is assigned to them.[…] If this attitude of mind were confined to teachers and principals alone it would be bad enough, but it inevitably spreads to the entire school community.” […] Regular pupils were “inevitably trained to look upon the more unfortunate of the school community as persons to be avoided, ridiculed, or maliciously tormented.”

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By: J https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/#comment-11102 Wed, 21 Jun 2006 15:27:42 +0000 http://ballastexistenz.autistics.org/?p=81#comment-11102 I was one of the physically disabled kids who was in ‘special’ kindergarten and mainstream classrooms starting in grade one. The special education was the kind that mixed all different types of disabilities, like paraplegia, dyslexia, Down’s Syndrome, etc. I can’t recall any autistic children in the room, but it’s possible.
The fear of being ‘lumped in with the retards’ was in my case, largely learned from the adults. In the special school, and the various ‘special’ activites that followed me through middle school, the adults exercised a lot of control over the children. Considerably more than was typical for even five and six year olds. Walking from one room to the other was monitored. Not only did you have to request a bathroom break, but they were counted and charted for everyone, even if there was no medical reason. But I was considered exceptionally bright, so I got to spend my kindergarten year doing first grade reading with the normal kids (same buliding, seperate program).
One incident I recall from when I was five was going off to the first grade classroom by myself, since that was where I was supposed to be next. An aide stopped me, told me not to wander off, and insisted that I accompany her and the other children to the kindergarten classroom, despite my efforts to explain. It wasn’t until I arrived that the teacher told her I should go to the first grade classroom for reading.
In restrospect it’s pretty trivial, but it made a vivid impression on me. There was one place where I could go and learn interesting things and be listened to and treated with respect, but it was only because I was bright and almost normal. And people from special education would be watching, to drag me back with the the others.
In elementary school this was reinforced in a lot of little ways. I needed a parental permission slip to go on the jungle gym. I had to do all the regular class duties, including carrying the basket with the lunches down to the cafeteria (ever carry a washtub while on crutches?) and it was implied that if I couldn’t I didn’t belong in a regular classroom.
In some ways I can name, and a lot of ways I can’t, I picked up the impression from the staff that me being in the mainstream classroom, and by extension, learning interesting stuff, being treated with respect, and having a future, were all contingent on ‘keeping up’ with the normal kids, not just academically, but in a lot of undefined ways. And that I never quite could. So there was the fear of the special program waiting to jump out and snatch me if I screwed up or wandered off. So anything that connected me to the kids in special education seemed dangerous.
This isn’t intended as a justification of my attitude as a kid, but to explain where a lot of it came from, and how programs and administrators can help bring this situation about.

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By: Erika https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/#comment-11101 Thu, 04 May 2006 00:59:00 +0000 http://ballastexistenz.autistics.org/?p=81#comment-11101 Unfortunately, we have a one-size-fits-all education system. It’s bad enough for “normal” kids who have different skills, IQs, and learning speeds. We’re never going to have a better system for all students, disabled or not, without overhauling the whole thing and actually committing decent funds. I’m not going to hold my breath for that to happen. It’s difficult enough to get politicians to commit enough money for our current crap system.

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By: Feministe » Mundane Stress https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/#comment-11100 Wed, 03 May 2006 14:46:21 +0000 http://ballastexistenz.autistics.org/?p=81#comment-11100 […] Disability-rights advocates have made the same point. Disability hate crimes do happen. People with disabilities are still automatically institutionalized. They are subject to shocking abuse and discrimination. They face hatred, conscious and overt. But they also suffer from ableism in ways that are less dramatic–at least, for someone who doesn’t actually have to deal with ableism. Waiters don’t take their orders. Teachers underestimate them. Public officials ignore them. Authors, screenwriters, dramatists, journalists, and directors (and the people paying their salaries and consuming their work) either ignore or use them. Even things like the height of a toilet seat or the absence of a railing or the width of a corridor are coded scorn–things that may seem minor unless they keep you from shopping, or going to the bathroom, or entering a building. “Little acts of degradation.” […]

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By: Jannalou https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/#comment-11099 Tue, 02 May 2006 10:02:13 +0000 http://ballastexistenz.autistics.org/?p=81#comment-11099 “Imagine the following situation: an autistic kid is educated in a normal classroom along with other non-autistic kids. The autistic child finds the noise of the kids, their natural behavour, even their smell (which the autistic kid can percieve due to hypersensitivity), to be unbearable for more than very short periods and therefore has almost constant tantrums, screaming fits etc. which make teaching the class impossible because of all the noise the autistic child is making. Objectively, the autistic child’s response to his/her surroundings is disruptive to the other kid’s education (obviously it’s not this child’s fault). The question then arises: how do you accomodate this autistic child in a mainstream setting in such a way so that he won’t have these sensory responses which both ruin his school experience and disrupt his fellow students’ education?”

If a child is having that much difficulty in being around other people, why would you even consider forcing that?

I may be wrong, but I think Amanda has said that some people can’t be “included” the way people think of inclusion/integration/whatever-you-want-to-call-it, and that needs to be respected and taken into consideration when desiging school programs for the disabled.

In this example, though, the most obvious solution (to me) would be to allow the child as many breaks from the classroom as he needs. If that results in him missing more than half the class, then maybe he’s just not able to be in a group learning situation, and efforts should be made to have his learning take place separately – coming into the larger group for activities in which he is able to participate as an equal (such as those taking place outside, perhaps).

But for the sounds, there are earplugs and protective earphones, if he can tolerate them. And for behaviour that is intolerable because he is seeing it, he could perhaps be seated at the front of the classroom. For smells, I am not sure that there is anything yet. If there was, I would definitely be using it. ;)

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By: rocobley https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/#comment-11098 Tue, 02 May 2006 05:16:21 +0000 http://ballastexistenz.autistics.org/?p=81#comment-11098 “I’m actually not sure about the “making it more difficult for other non-disabled children” part. Because there’s a possibility that they already have it unnaturally easy. I’ve talked to several people whose parents were told that they could not be educated in a regular classroom because their wheelchair would be distracting, for instance.”

Well, no doubt that’s true, but let me give you a theoretical example to illustrate what I mean. Imagine the following situation: an autistic kid is educated in a normal classroom along with other non-autistic kids. The autistic child finds the noise of the kids, their natural behavour, even their smell (which the autistic kid can percieve due to hypersensitivity), to be unbearable for more than very short periods and therefore has almost constant tantrums, screaming fits etc. which make teaching the class impossible because of all the noise the autistic child is making. Objectively, the autistic child’s response to his/her surroundings is disruptive to the other kid’s education (obviously it’s not this child’s fault). The question then arises: how do you accomodate this autistic child in a mainstream setting in such a way so that he won’t have these sensory responses which both ruin his school experience and disrupt his fellow students’ education?

Obviously there must be a way – I suspect in this kind of situation it would involve some form of assistive technology, but I’m just using this as an example to argue that it’s not only intolerance on the part of others that is the problem. There are wider issues as well and accomodating *all* children in one setting rather than segregating at least some disabled ones will require some redesigning of the education system itself.

BTW Chris De Burgh should be thrown into a pit and concreted over. And we’ll throw in Phil Collins just for good measure! ;-P

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By: mike stanton https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/#comment-11097 Mon, 01 May 2006 14:06:49 +0000 http://ballastexistenz.autistics.org/?p=81#comment-11097 In the UK our schools are so target driven with baseline assessment for pre-schoolers, then key stage assessment at 7, 11, and 14 and competitive public examinations at 16 and again at 18 for those who choose to stay at school beyond the statutory age of 16. League tables are published so that parents can see which are the “best” schools. Middle class parents move house or even change religion (part of our state system are faith schools.) If a school is deemed to be failing the inspectors move in and it can be closed if it does not meet targets.

That is the reason why my school for severe learning difficulties has tripled in size in twenty years. The government and the local authorities push so-called inclusion as an option when they really mean integration. Everybody has to fit in and not damage the school’s performance on the standard tests.

It is often the case that a “failing school” is one that has taken in the kids excluded from other local schools. The kids and their parents like the school and want to keep it open. But they cannot match the results of the neighbouring schools that have effectively selected the academically able and the undemanding pupils.

In a situation like that a segregated school can be a lifesaver for some kids. We are not expected to compete in the exam stakes. We may still be judged against those standards when we are inspected. But most of the time we can seek to create a nurturing environment for some damaged kids and rebuild their self esteem and find areas of success for them.

It is not ideal. Sometimes it is like having chickens and foxes in the room together. But my experience is of special schools that are nowhere near as horrific as the institutions that Ballastexistenz describes.

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By: ballastexistenz https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/#comment-11096 Mon, 01 May 2006 06:53:58 +0000 http://ballastexistenz.autistics.org/?p=81#comment-11096 I’m actually not sure about the “making it more difficult for other non-disabled children” part. Because there’s a possibility that they already have it unnaturally easy. I’ve talked to several people whose parents were told that they could not be educated in a regular classroom because their wheelchair would be distracting, for instance. If merely the sight of people different than them is difficult, then I think they’re going to have to get used to some difficulty, and I think they’d be a lot more capable of it if they didn’t have this sense that they were the ones who should be there and anyone else was only there conditionally.

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By: rocobley https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/#comment-11095 Mon, 01 May 2006 05:54:04 +0000 http://ballastexistenz.autistics.org/?p=81#comment-11095 It’s very likely that that is true. No-one, whether disabled or otherwise, acts violently or disruptively without there being some reason. In a classroom situation, merely the usual sights & sounds might cause an autistic child to erupt. So the question is, how to accomodate children with different needs and reactions to the norm, without segregating them (which I don’t agree with) or making it more difficult for other non-disabled children.

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By: Jannalou https://ballastexistenz.wordpress.com/2006/04/29/lessons-on-inclusion-from-a-segregated-school-version-2-from-memory-not-an-exact-reproduction-of-the-first-one/#comment-11094 Sun, 30 Apr 2006 19:07:21 +0000 http://ballastexistenz.autistics.org/?p=81#comment-11094 I don’t know what your take on this might be, but I tend to assume that a “behavioural problem” is usually a result of something *someone else* did or is doing, and so the behaviour is that person’s natural response to the stressor. So the behaviour itself doesn’t need to be “accommodated”, so much as other people need to take into account that they are not blameless in the situation.

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